Free tool
Rule out the usual hiding places first. If the piece really is gone, check the set piece by piece and leave with the element ID LEGO asks for, or a link to buy the part.
Builders who report a missing piece often find it in one of these places. Tick each one off as you look.
The closest pairs among the colors used most across the catalog, measured from each color's reference value, plus a few pairs builders often confuse even though they measure further apart. When the colors will not settle it, the element ID will: the parts list at the back of the instructions gives each color its own. Pick a set above to see which of these pairs it uses for the same piece.
LEGO takes requests for pieces missing from a new set through its customer service site. The form asks for the set number and each piece's element ID, the number printed beside the piece in the parts list at the back of the instructions. This checker lists both.
Request a replacement from LEGOMark a piece missing and your list links it to an eBay search for that part, which also covers pieces from older or second-hand sets.
Copy or download your missing list (the CSV opens in any spreadsheet), or print the whole checklist and tick pieces off on paper. Your marks stay in this browser, so you can check a big set over several sittings.